Scientists find gene behind red hair may offer health benefits
- A new study suggests that pheomelanin, the pigment responsible for orange-red hair, may offer health benefits by protecting cells.
- Pheomelanin is produced using cysteine, a protein-building block, which can become toxic to cells if it accumulates to excessive levels.
- Historically, the pigment presented an evolutionary puzzle due to its association with a higher risk of skin cancer, despite its prevalence.
- Researchers found that pheomelanin production helps maintain cellular cysteine balance by converting excess cysteine into an inert pigment, thereby preventing cell damage.
- This protective role, demonstrated through experiments with zebra finches, could explain why pheomelanin-promoting genetic traits have persisted in populations despite associated melanoma risks.
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