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China faces new AI bottleneck as it runs out of Chinese-language training data
The global supply of high-quality, publicly available human-generated text could be fully exhausted within the next six years
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Ben Jiangin BeijingPublished: 10:00am, 8 Aug 2026Updated: 10:04am, 8 Aug 2026
China’s high-stakes race to build next-generation artificial intelligence models is entering a critical new phase, where a less visible yet far more existential threat is coming into view: a severe shortage of high-quality training data.
While the US chokehold on advanced computing chips has dominated headlines, Chinese AI experts increasingly warn that running out of quality data could prove to be the next major bottleneck to the nation’s tech ambitions – and one that hardware workarounds cannot easily solve.
It is a challenge confronting AI giants on both sides of the Pacific – and some US companies are already resorting to aggressive measures to stay ahead.
The global supply of high-quality, publicly available human-generated text could be fully exhausted within the next six years, according to US-based research institute Epoch AI.
OpenAI co-founder Andrej Karpathy has also warned of a looming “data wall” by the end of this decade, beyond which model capabilities could hit a plateau unless they were fed fresh, reliable information.
Top American labs are spending lavishly to mine offline human knowledge, igniting a fierce ethical debate in the process.
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